Last week I told you the machine had run in reverse — that the oil-inflation-rates chain which crushed gold all year had flipped to lifting it, giving gold its best week since January. The obvious question was whether that reversal would hold or fade. This week we got the answer, and then some.
It held. On Wednesday, the July inflation report came in cooler than expected — consumer prices rose just 0.1% on the month and slowed to 3.4% annually, the second straight month of cooling. That soft number trimmed the odds of a September Fed rate hike and knocked the dollar back, and gold responded by climbing to about $4,424, a ten-week high, with silver surging past $67 to its best level since June. The reversal I described last week didn’t just hold — it got confirmation from the inflation data, exactly the catalyst it needed.
But that’s not the most interesting thing that happened this week. The most interesting thing is what happened to the mining stocks.
For most of this year, I’ve been telling you that the gold miners were a disaster — down 25%, 30%, even 35% while the metal itself held flat, crushed by rising costs and operational problems. I’ve repeatedly steered you toward owning the metal and the royalty companies rather than the operating miners, because the miners kept getting hammered. Well, this week those same beaten-down miners came roaring back. Gold mining stocks had their best five-day run since 2008 — since the depths of the financial crisis. And strategists are now pointing out something worth paying attention to: after a year of getting destroyed, quality gold miners are trading at single-digit earnings multiples while paying above-average dividends. In plain terms, they got so cheap during the year’s carnage that they’ve become a genuine value opportunity — and this week, the smart money started noticing.
That’s the story of this issue: the reversal is confirmed, gold is at a ten-week high, and the most beaten-down corner of the precious-metals world just woke up. Let me walk you through what it means, whether the miners’ turn is real or a head-fake, why China keeps buying regardless, and how a patient bullion holder should think about a market that’s suddenly moving in their favor.
The Picture in One Chart
The chart below tells this week’s story in two panels. On the left, gold’s reversal held and strengthened — climbing to a ten-week high near $4,424 after Wednesday’s cooler inflation report confirmed the turn. On the right is the emerging story: while gold rose about 5% and silver about 6% over the week, the gold mining stocks jumped roughly 12% — their best week since 2008. After a year of the miners badly lagging the metal, they suddenly outran it. That reversal in the miners, after so long in the wilderness, is the fresh signal worth understanding.
Opening Signal
Here’s the heart of it: the reversal is confirmed, and the market’s most beaten-down assets are the ones moving fastest — which is exactly what the early stage of a durable turn tends to look like.
Last week the machine flipped in gold’s favor. This week the inflation data confirmed it: cooler prices, lower rate-hike odds, a weaker dollar, and gold at a ten-week high. That confirmation matters, because a one-week move can be noise, but a move that gets validated by the fundamental data behind it is more likely to be real. The reversal has now been both mechanical (last week’s oil-driven flip) and fundamental (this week’s cooler inflation), which makes it more durable than a single week’s bounce.
But the miners waking up is the more telling signal, and here’s why. When a beaten-down sector suddenly outperforms the thing it’s leveraged to — when gold miners jump 12% in a week that gold rose 5% — it often signals that investors are moving from disbelief to belief. For a year, nobody wanted the miners; they were value traps, falling knives, dead money. For them to suddenly have their best week since 2008 means capital is rotating back into the most hated, most leveraged corner of the trade. That’s frequently what happens in the early innings of a genuine precious-metals upturn: the metal moves first, then the beaten-down miners catch up violently as confidence returns and their operational leverage to the rising metal price kicks in.
The honest caveat, which I’ll develop below, is that one great week doesn’t make a trend, and the miners have burned investors repeatedly this year. But the combination — a confirmed reversal in the metal plus a violent turn in the miners plus China buying relentlessly plus miners at genuine value multiples — is the most constructive setup the precious-metals complex has offered in months. The market is finally moving in the patient holder’s direction.
Executive Signal — Premium
The reversal held and got confirmed — gold hit a ten-week high on cooler inflation. Wednesday’s July CPI came in soft (0.1% monthly, slowing to 3.4% annually, the second straight month of cooling), trimming September rate-hike odds and knocking the dollar back. Gold climbed to about $4,424, a ten-week high, before easing to around $4,385 as the mixed PPI and stalled Iran talks tempered the move. Silver surged past $67 to its best since June, compressing the gold-silver ratio to about 66. Last week’s mechanical reversal has now been confirmed by the fundamental inflation data — a more durable foundation than a single week’s bounce.
The emerging story is the miners’ turn — their best week since 2008. After a year of brutal underperformance (many major gold miners down 25-35% while the metal held flat), gold mining stocks jumped roughly 12% on the week, their hottest five-day run since the 2008 financial crisis. Strategists now flag that quality miners trade at single-digit forward earnings multiples while paying above-average dividends — genuine value after the year’s carnage. This is a potential inflection: when beaten-down, high-leverage miners suddenly outrun the metal, it often signals capital rotating back into the trade in the early stage of a durable upturn.
China kept buying relentlessly, the structural anchor beneath it all. The People’s Bank of China added roughly 19.9 tonnes of gold to its reserves in July — its largest monthly addition since October 2023 and its 21st consecutive month of accumulation. This follows the record 289 tonnes of official-sector buying in Q2. The price-insensitive, strategic central-bank demand that has defended every dip all year keeps accelerating, and it’s the deep current supporting gold regardless of the weekly swings in the rate machine.
The honest complication: the September hike isn’t dead, and the data is mixed. Balance requires flagging it. While CPI cooled, Thursday’s PPI was mixed (headline flat but core services firm), and September hike odds, though down from over 50%, still sit near 40%. Iran negotiations have stalled, keeping oil elevated and the inflation threat alive. So the reversal is real and confirmed, but it’s not a clear runway — the Fed remains genuinely split, and a hot data point or an oil spike could still run the machine hot again. The near-term is constructive but not certain.
Silver is participating powerfully, with its structural story intact. Silver’s surge past $67 (its best week since February) reflects both the monetary tailwind of falling yields and its own industrial demand story. The Silver Institute projects another global supply deficit in 2026, and while near-term industrial demand faces headwinds (solar manufacturers reducing silver loadings), the longer-term demand from AI, data centers, autos, and power-grid infrastructure continues to grow. Silver’s higher beta means it outperforms gold in the up-moves — as it did this week — while carrying more downside risk if the reversal fails.
Key Signals at a Glance — Premium
The reversal held and got confirmed: Wednesday’s cooler July CPI (0.1% monthly, 3.4% annually, second straight month of cooling) trimmed September hike odds and pushed gold to a ten-week high near $4,424, with silver surging past $67 (best since June). Gold eased to ~$4,385 on mixed PPI and stalled Iran talks.
The emerging story: gold mining stocks had their best week since 2008, jumping ~12% (versus gold +5%, silver +6%). After a year of 25-35% declines, quality miners now trade at single-digit earnings multiples with above-average dividends — genuine value after the carnage.
China kept buying: the PBoC added ~19.9 tonnes in July, its largest monthly addition since October 2023 and its 21st consecutive month of accumulation, following the record 289 tonnes of Q2 official-sector buying.
The honest complication: the September hike isn’t dead (odds ~40%, down from 50%+), Thursday’s PPI was mixed, and stalled Iran talks keep oil elevated. The reversal is confirmed but not a clear runway; the Fed remains split.
Silver’s structural story is intact: another projected 2026 supply deficit, with long-term demand from AI, data centers, autos, and power grids growing even as near-term solar loadings decline. Silver’s higher beta means it leads the up-moves.
Global Q2 gold demand fell to 942 tonnes (lowest since Q3 2021) on weaker jewelry and ETF outflows — an honest bearish data point, offset by the record central-bank buying that’s reshaping who owns gold.
The real positioning map starts below →
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Market Breakdown — Premium
This Week’s Pulse
Gold trades near $4,385 after a strong week, having hit a ten-week high of about $4,424 on Wednesday’s cooler CPI before easing on the mixed PPI and stalled Iran negotiations. That’s up meaningfully on the week and well above the 50-day EMA near $4,223, confirming the bullish technical structure. Silver sits near $65-67 after surging past $67 (its best level since June and best week since February), with the gold-silver ratio compressed to about 66. The standout, though, is the miners: gold mining stocks jumped roughly 12% on the week, their best run since 2008. The 10-year Treasury yield sits near 4.7%, and September hike odds eased to around 40% after the CPI. Oil remains elevated as Iran talks stalled (Trump’s compensation demands unresolved), keeping a floor under inflation fears. The tone is genuinely constructive for the first sustained stretch in months — the reversal confirmed, the miners awake, and China buying — tempered by a still-split Fed.
Why the Miners’ Turn Matters So Much
Let me explain why I’m making the miners the centerpiece this week, because it’s a genuinely important signal. All year, the mining stocks were the worst place to be in precious metals — I repeatedly warned you they were getting crushed by costs and operational problems while the metal held flat, and steered you toward physical and royalties instead. That call was right. But precisely because the miners fell so far, they now carry enormous leverage to a gold recovery. Here’s the mechanics: a mining company’s profits are the gold price minus its costs. When gold rises while costs stay flat, the miner’s profit margin expands dramatically, and the stock can rise far faster than the metal. That’s why, in a genuine gold upturn, the beaten-down miners historically outperform the metal by a wide margin once confidence returns. This week’s 12% jump — more than double gold’s move — is the first sign of that leverage kicking in. If the reversal is real and gold keeps climbing, the miners that got destroyed this year could become the biggest beneficiaries. That’s the opportunity the smart money started pricing this week.
The Value Case in the Miners
The detail that makes this more than a bounce is the valuation. Strategists are pointing out that quality gold miners now trade at single-digit forward earnings multiples while paying above-average dividends. In plain terms: after a year of getting hammered, these companies became genuinely cheap relative to their earnings, even as the gold price that drives those earnings held up. That’s an unusual dislocation — the metal near record territory while the companies that mine it trade at recession-level valuations. When an asset gets that cheap relative to its fundamentals, it doesn’t take much good news to spark a violent re-rating, which is exactly what began this week. The value was created by the year’s carnage; the catalyst is the confirmed gold reversal. Together, they’re why the miners woke up.
Macro Undercurrents — Premium
Five forces are working beneath the surface.
The confirmed reversal is the dominant near-term force, and it now has fundamental backing. Last week’s mechanical flip (oil down, rates down, gold up) got confirmed this week by the cooler inflation data, giving the reversal a firmer foundation. This matters because it’s no longer just an oil-driven bounce — it’s a move validated by the actual inflation trajectory softening, which is what the Fed and the bond market watch. As long as inflation keeps cooling and oil doesn’t spike, the machine stays in gold’s favor and the reversal has room to run toward $4,500 and beyond. The confirmation makes the turn more durable than a single week’s move.
The miners’ leverage is the emerging opportunity, and it’s the freshest signal. The violent outperformance of the mining stocks this week — up 12% against gold’s 5% — is the early sign of operational leverage kicking in. After a year of the miners lagging badly, capital is rotating back into the most beaten-down, most leveraged corner of the trade. If the gold reversal holds, this is potentially the early stage of a period where the miners dramatically outperform the metal, as their expanded profit margins flow through to earnings and their cheap valuations re-rate. It’s the highest-upside expression of the confirmed reversal, with correspondingly higher risk if the turn fails.
China’s relentless buying is the structural anchor that never wavers. The PBoC’s 19.9-tonne July purchase — its biggest since October 2023, its 21st straight month — is the deep current beneath everything. This buying doesn’t respond to the CPI or the Fed; it’s a multi-decade strategic diversification away from the dollar, and it’s accelerating. It’s what defended every dip all year, and it’s why the floor under gold keeps rising regardless of the near-term rate machine. The record 289-tonne Q2 for the whole official sector confirms this is broad, not just China. This is the reason to hold through any volatility: the most patient, most strategic buyers on earth are accumulating faster, not slower.
The mixed data and stalled Iran talks are the honest complication. Balance requires weighting the other side. Thursday’s PPI was mixed (headline flat but core services firm at 4.7% annually), September hike odds still sit near 40%, and the Iran negotiations have stalled with oil staying elevated. So the reversal, while confirmed, faces real risks: a hot inflation print or an oil spike from renewed Iran escalation could revive the September hike case and run the machine hot again. The Fed remains genuinely split (three dissents at the last meeting favored a hike). This isn’t a clear runway; it’s a constructive setup with live risks.
The demand divergence is the year’s defining structural story. An honest data point: global Q2 gold demand fell to 942 tonnes, the lowest since Q3 2021, driven by weaker jewelry demand and gold ETF outflows — Western financial investors and price-sensitive jewelry buyers pulled back. Yet central banks bought a record 289 tonnes in the same quarter. This is the divergence we’ve tracked all year: Western and retail demand softening while official-sector demand surges. The two are setting different prices for different reasons, and historically, when the strategic official money accumulates while the tactical money sells, the strategic money proves right over time. This week’s reversal, with the miners waking up, may be the tactical money starting to come back.
Smart Money — Premium
Three institutional patterns define the moment.
The smart money rotated into the miners this week, the freshest signal. The 12% surge in gold mining stocks — their best week since 2008 — reflects institutional capital rotating into the most beaten-down, highest-leverage corner of the precious-metals trade. Sophisticated investors are recognizing the value dislocation: quality miners at single-digit earnings multiples with above-average dividends, carrying enormous leverage to the confirmed gold reversal. When the smart money moves into the hated, cheap, leveraged names after a metal reversal is confirmed, it’s often the early innings of a significant move. This rotation is the week’s most important institutional signal, and it’s a shift from the “own metal and royalties, avoid miners” regime that dominated all year.
China and the central banks are the anchor, buying regardless. The PBoC’s 21st straight month of accumulation and the record Q2 official-sector buying are the clearest smart-money signal in the entire market. This is the most strategic, most patient capital on earth, accumulating through every dip and every rally on a multi-decade view. It doesn’t trade the CPI or the miners; it steadily buys gold as a reserve asset immune to sanctions and debasement. The acceleration of this buying, even as global demand fell to a multi-year low, tells you the official sector sees value that the retreating Western and jewelry buyers don’t. It’s the anchor beneath the reversal.
The valuation-focused institutions are flagging the opportunity. Beyond the price action, strategists and value investors are explicitly pointing to the miners’ cheapness — single-digit multiples, above-average dividends, enormous leverage to gold — as a genuine opportunity after the year’s carnage. This is the analytical smart money identifying a dislocation: the metal near record territory while the companies mining it trade at distressed valuations. When the fundamental case (cheap valuations, expanding margins) aligns with the technical turn (this week’s 12% surge) and the structural support (China’s buying), that convergence is what draws serious institutional capital. This week showed the early stage of that convergence.
Conviction Map — Premium
Overweight — physical gold and silver in allocated form remains the core; but this week adds a genuine case for quality gold miners and the royalty names, given the confirmed reversal, the miners’ value dislocation, and their leverage to a rising metal. Silver-tilted for its higher beta to the up-move.
Tactical — the reversal is confirmed but faces live risks (mixed data, stalled Iran talks, a still-40% September hike chance). The miners offer the highest upside if the turn holds, but the highest risk if it fails. For the confident, the miners’ value dislocation is the fresh opportunity; for the cautious, physical and royalties capture the reversal with less risk. Accumulate on any pullback toward the $4,300 support.
Underweight — leveraged paper positions vulnerable to the two-sided volatility, unallocated accounts, and the weakest miners without the balance sheets to sustain the turn. Even in the miners’ rally, quality and cost discipline matter — this isn’t a green light for every miner, only the well-run ones.
Hedges — physical metal remains the core hedge against the fiscal and dedollarization story that China’s relentless buying keeps confirming. The miners are an offensive expression of the reversal, not a hedge; size them accordingly. Hold the physical core through the volatility; add the miners for leverage if the reversal convinces you.
Portfolio Playbook — Premium
The cleanest expressions of the thesis, grouped by role. This week adds the miners as a genuine opportunity for the first time in months.
Physical and allocated core:
IAU (iShares Gold Trust) — low-fee core gold exposure, participating in the confirmed reversal
PHYS (Sprott Physical Gold Trust) — fully allocated gold with redemption rights
SIVR / PSLV (abrdn Physical Silver, Sprott Physical Silver) — physical silver with leverage to the up-move; silver led this week
The miners — the fresh opportunity (for the confident):
GDX (VanEck Gold Miners ETF) — the diversified way to play the miners’ turn; up ~12% this week, the cleanest one-ticket exposure to the value dislocation and the leverage
AEM (Agnico Eagle) — premier low-cost producer with a strong balance sheet, the quality name for the miners’ recovery
PAAS (Pan American Silver) — quality silver producer with leverage to both the silver surge and the miners’ turn
Royalty and streaming — the resilient middle ground:
FNV (Franco-Nevada) — the largest gold royalty, which held up all year and participates in the upside with less operational risk
WPM (Wheaton Precious Metals) — silver-weighted royalty, benefiting from silver’s leadership
RGLD (Royal Gold) — focused, disciplined royalty
How to use the week: the reversal is confirmed and the miners woke up, which changes the calculus for the first time in months. Hold physical and royalties as the resilient core, and — if the confirmed reversal convinces you — add quality miners (GDX, AEM) for their leverage and value dislocation, sized for their higher risk. Silver-tilt for the beta. Accumulate on pullbacks toward $4,300, and treat the miners as the offensive expression of a reversal that now has both mechanical and fundamental confirmation. The key discipline: favor quality miners, not every miner, because operational execution still separates winners from value traps.
Cycle & Cosmos — Premium
A Common-Sense Guide for Investors
There’s a lesson this week about the things everyone gives up on right before they turn — and about the patience required to be there when they do.
The most hated assets turn first and hardest. For a year, the gold miners were the most hated corner of the precious-metals world. Down 25%, 30%, 35%, they burned everyone who tried to catch the bottom, until eventually most investors simply gave up on them. And then, this week, they had their best run since 2008. This is one of the oldest patterns in markets, and in life: the thing everyone has abandoned, the thing left for dead, is often precisely the thing poised to turn most violently — because when everyone has already sold, there’s no one left to sell, and it takes only a little good news to spark a stampede back in. The lesson isn’t to chase every fallen asset; it’s to understand that maximum pessimism and maximum opportunity often live in the same place. The miners were most hated right before they woke up.
Leverage cuts both ways — respect it in both directions. The miners fell so hard this year precisely because they’re leveraged to gold: when the metal struggled and costs rose, their profits got crushed and their stocks fell far more than the metal. But that same leverage now works in reverse — as gold rises and their margins expand, they can climb far faster than the metal, as this week’s 12% jump against gold’s 5% showed. The wisdom here is to respect leverage in both directions: it’s what made the miners a disaster this year and what could make them the biggest winners next. The investor who understands leverage neither fears it blindly nor chases it recklessly, but sizes it with respect for its power to amplify both pain and gain.
The steady buyer was right all along. While Western investors sold gold ETFs and abandoned the miners this year, China’s central bank just kept buying, month after month, for twenty-one straight months now. It didn’t celebrate the reversal this week or panic during the year’s declines; it simply accumulated on a schedule set by a decade-long view. And here’s the quiet vindication: as the reversal confirms and the complex turns, the patient buyer who accumulated through the pessimism is the one now sitting well-positioned, while the ones who sold at the lows have to buy back higher. This is the eternal reward of the steady hand over the reactive one. The deep current — China’s relentless accumulation — was flowing toward gold all along, and this week the surface finally began to align with it.
Where the long cycle still points. We remain inside that 2025-2027 window where the paper-based order gets tested and real assets reassert their role. A week where gold hits a ten-week high, the beaten-down miners wake up, and China buys its 21st straight month is that transition gathering momentum. The direction hasn’t changed; this week it simply started to show more clearly on the surface, after a long stretch where only the deep current revealed it. The reversal, the miners’ turn, the relentless official buying — these are the long cycle beginning to express itself in the price.
The takeaway. This week the most hated corner of the precious-metals world woke up, and it carries a lesson: maximum pessimism and maximum opportunity often share the same address. The confirmed reversal, the miners’ violent turn, and China’s relentless buying together make this the most constructive setup in months. Hold your physical core, and if the confirmed turn convinces you, add quality miners for their leverage and their value — respecting that the same leverage cuts both ways. Be the steady buyer, not the reactive seller. The market is finally moving in the patient holder’s direction, and the assets everyone gave up on are the ones leading the way. That’s usually how real turns begin.
What to watch right now:
Whether the miners’ turn holds or fades — the freshest signal, and the highest-leverage expression of the reversal.
Oil and the stalled Iran talks — the wind at the top of the chain; renewed escalation runs the machine hot again.
China’s relentless buying — the deep current, now 21 straight months, that anchors gold regardless of the weekly swings.
Forward Scenarios — Premium
Reversal holds, miners lead — Medium-to-high confidence if inflation keeps cooling — Inflation keeps softening, the September hike comes off the table, oil stays contained, and gold pushes toward $4,500+ while the beaten-down miners dramatically outperform on their leverage and value re-rating. Silver leads the metals, the miners lead everything, and the year’s most hated assets become its biggest winners. The bullish path, now with real momentum. Confirms if: inflation keeps cooling, the September hike fades, and the miners hold their gains.
Constructive consolidation — High confidence near-term — Gold consolidates its strong gains in a $4,300-$4,500 range as the mixed data and stalled Iran talks create back-and-forth, while the miners digest their big week. A healthy pause after a sharp move, where the confirmed reversal holds and patient accumulation (including selective miners) is rewarded. The most likely near-term path given the crosscurrents. Confirms if: data stays mixed, oil stays rangebound, and gold holds above $4,300.
Reversal stalls, machine runs hot again — Meaningful probability — A hot inflation print or an Iran escalation spikes oil, revives the September hike case, and runs the rate machine hot again. Gold retreats toward $4,200, and the miners — with their leverage cutting the other way — give back much of this week’s outsized gains. The bearish path, and a reminder that the miners’ leverage amplifies downside too. Confirms if: inflation reaccelerates or oil spikes, the September hike firms, and gold breaks below $4,300.
Watch Triggers — Premium
The miners’ turn — whether it holds or fades. The freshest and highest-leverage signal. Watch whether gold mining stocks hold this week’s outsized gains and continue outperforming the metal, which would confirm the early stage of a durable upturn, versus giving it back, which would mark a bounce in a still-difficult sector.
Oil and the stalled Iran negotiations. The wind at the top of the whole chain. The talks have stalled with oil elevated; a genuine de-escalation keeps the machine cold and gold supported, while renewed escalation spikes oil and runs it hot again.
Inflation and the September Fed decision. CPI cooled but PPI was mixed, and hike odds still sit near 40%. Whether the cooling continues determines if the reversal has a clear runway or faces renewed rate pressure into the September 15-16 meeting.
China and central-bank buying. The 21st straight month of PBoC accumulation is the deep current. Continued strong official-sector buying confirms the rising structural floor beneath any weekly volatility.
The gold-silver ratio near 66 and silver’s leadership. Continued compression as silver outperforms would confirm the classic pattern of a healthy metals rally, and silver’s leadership this week is a constructive sign the reversal has genuine momentum.
TL;DR — Premium
Last week the machine ran in reverse; this week the data confirmed it. Wednesday’s cooler July CPI (0.1% monthly, 3.4% annually, second straight month of cooling) trimmed September hike odds and pushed gold to a ten-week high near $4,424, with silver surging past $67 (best since June). But the real story is the miners: gold mining stocks had their best week since 2008, jumping ~12% (versus gold +5%), as strategists flag quality miners trading at single-digit earnings multiples with above-average dividends — genuine value after a year of 25-35% declines. When beaten-down, high-leverage miners suddenly outrun the metal, it often signals the early stage of a durable upturn.
China kept buying (19.9 tonnes in July, its 21st straight month, biggest since October 2023), the structural anchor beneath everything. The honest complication: the September hike isn’t dead (odds ~40%), Thursday’s PPI was mixed, and stalled Iran talks keep oil elevated — the reversal is confirmed but not a clear runway, and the Fed remains split. Global Q2 demand fell to a multi-year low on ETF and jewelry outflows, even as central banks bought a record 289 tonnes — the year’s defining divergence.
Position: hold physical and royalties (IAU, PHYS, FNV, WPM, RGLD) as the resilient core, and — if the confirmed reversal convinces you — add quality miners (GDX, AEM, PAAS) for their leverage and value dislocation, silver-tilted for the beta. Accumulate on pullbacks toward $4,300; favor quality miners, not every miner. The Cycle & Cosmos read: the most hated assets turn first and hardest — maximum pessimism and maximum opportunity share the same address. Respect that leverage cuts both ways, be the steady buyer like China has been for 21 months, and recognize that the assets everyone gave up on are leading the turn. That’s usually how real turns begin.
The reversal is confirmed. The miners woke up. The market is finally moving the patient holder’s way.
— Written by The Global Signal Team
Global Signal™ is published for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing in this newsletter constitutes financial, investment, legal, or tax advice, nor a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security, asset, or strategy. The Cycle & Cosmos section is offered as interpretive and educational commentary only and makes no claim of causative effect on markets. All opinions are those of the author at the time of publication and are subject to change without notice. Markets involve risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not indicative of future results. No client or advisory relationship is formed by reading this newsletter. Readers are solely responsible for their own decisions and should conduct independent research and consult a licensed professional before acting on any information. The author and publisher disclaim any liability for losses incurred based on this content. Full terms: https://globalsignalhq.substack.com/tos · © Global Signal™



